Difference between PAMPs and PRRs (Immunology)
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The primary defensive cells in innate immune response are the Professional phagocytes. Macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells are called professional phagocytes.
The innate immune system relies on a large family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which detect distinct evolutionarily conserved structures on pathogens, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
Upon PAMP recognition, PRRs activation transmits intracellular signal activating a multitude of intracellular signaling pathways, ultimately result in the activation of gene expression and synthesis of a broad range of molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, and immunoreceptors which together clear out the pathogen from the system or can activate adaptive immune response.PRRs | PAMPs |
Present on the innate immune cells as cell surface receptors or cytosolic PRRs | Are evolutionary conserved structures on pathogens |
PRRs can distinguish self cells and non self cells by recognizing PAMPs | PAMPs are ‘signatures’ present only on pathogen |
PRRs are generally glycoproteins | PAMPs can be carbohydrate, protein or even nucleic acids of bacteria and virus |
PRRs include Toll like receptors (TLRs) TLRs are membrane-bound receptors localized at the cellular or endosomal membranes | PAMPs include flagellin protein that makes bacterial flagella, lipopolysaccharide layer of gram negative bacteria, peptidoglycan of bacterial cell wall, zymozan of yeast cell wall, nucleic acids of both bacteria and viruses. |
Cytosolic PRRs, include retinoid acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) (393) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) | Nucleic acids of virus and bacteria generally interacts with cytosolic PRRs |
Some examples of PRRs and PAMPs interaction
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